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Biophysics and the Challenges of Emerging Threats

254,08 
254,08 
2025-07-31 254.0800 InStock
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Knygos aprašymas

Single-molecule techniques eliminate ensemble averaging, thus revealing transient or rare species in heterogeneous systems [1¿3]. These approaches have been employed to probe myriad biological phenomena, including protein and RNA folding [4¿6], enzyme kinetics [7, 8], and even protein biosynthesis [1, 9, 10]. In particular, immobilization-based fluorescence te- niques such as total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF-M) have recently allowed for the observation of multiple events on the millis- onds to seconds timescale [11¿13]. Single-molecule fluorescence methods are challenged by the instability of single fluorophores. The organic fluorophores commonly employed in single-molecule studies of biological systems display fast photobleaching, intensity fluctuations on the millisecond timescale (blinking), or both. These phenomena limit observation time and complicate the interpretation of fl- rescence fluctuations [14, 15]. Molecular oxygen (O) modulates dye stability. Triplet O efficiently 2 2 quenches dye triplet states responsible for blinking. This results in the for- tion of singlet oxygen [16¿18]. Singlet O reacts efficiently with organic dyes, 2 amino acids, and nucleobases [19, 20]. Oxidized dyes are no longer fluor- cent; oxidative damage impairs the folding and function of biomolecules. In the presence of saturating dissolved O , blinking of fluorescent dyes is sup- 2 pressed, but oxidative damage to dyes and biomolecules is rapid. Enzymatic O -scavenging systems are commonly employed to ameliorate dye instability. 2 Small molecules are often employed to suppress blinking at low O levels.

Informacija

Serija: NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics
Leidėjas: Springer Netherlands
Išleidimo metai: 2009
Knygos puslapių skaičius: 188
ISBN-10: 9048123666
ISBN-13: 9789048123667
Formatas: Knyga kietu viršeliu
Kalba: Anglų
Žanras: Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics)

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