1 Introduction 1.1 Hemiballism Hemiballism or hemichorea is a rare neurological disorder, but the crucial invol- ment of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in its pathophysiology has been app- ciated for decades (Jakob 1923; Martin 1927; Glees and Wall 1946; Whittier and Mettler 1949; Carpenter and Carpenter 1951; Crossman 1987). Only recently have serious doubts come forward. Postuma and Lang (2003) have described the STN as being involved in only a minority of cases, and indicated unrecognized causes such as non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia and complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Moreover, the crucial involvement of a lesion of the STN is in doubt (Guridi and Obeso 2001; Postuma and Lang 2003). On the other hand, idiopathic Parkinson¿s disease (Battistin et al. 1996; Usunoff et al. 2002) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, but the key role of the STN in the pathophysiological origin of the parkinsonian state has become evident only recently (Miller and DeLong 1987; Mitchell et al. 1989; Bergman et al. 1990, 1994; Hollerman and Grace 1992; Guridi et al. 1993; Parent and Hazrati 1995b; Hassani et al. 1996; Levy et al. 1997, 2002; Blandini et al. 2000; Hirsch et al. 2000; Ni et al.
| Autorius: | Enrico Marani, Kamen G. Usunoff, Egbert A. J. F. Lakke, Tjitske Heida, |
| Serija: | Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology |
| Leidėjas: | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Išleidimo metai: | 2008 |
| Knygos puslapių skaičius: | 132 |
| ISBN-10: | 354079459X |
| ISBN-13: | 9783540794592 |
| Formatas: | Knyga minkštu viršeliu |
| Kalba: | Anglų |
| Žanras: | Neurosciences |
Parašykite atsiliepimą apie „The Subthalamic Nucleus: Part I: Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections“
